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Abstract representation

The concurrent state-transition of a large number of finite automata can be simply visualized by representing the automata array as an one-dimensional lattice. We let each lattice site represent a finite automaton and the color of the lattice site represent the state of the automaton. For example, we can represent an inactive actin by a green lattice site, an active actin by a red lattice site, a facilitating troponin by a yellow lattice site, and an inhibiting troponin by a black lattice site. Simulation process corresponds to the evolution of the lattice. Each time step, a new ``generation'' of the lattice that shows a new spatial distribution of automata over different states will be produced by the model. We attach the new generation of lattice below the old one so that we can also see the state change of each individual automaton in the time dimension. Thus, this type of representation enables us to view the binding processes of myosin to actin from both temporal and spatial perspectives at the same time. As an example, Fig. 2 shows an one-step evolution of a portion of the automata array.

The evolutions of the automata array shown in Fig. 3 correspond to a dynamic simulation of the thin filament in response to a calcium burst. At time 0, calcium concentration is very low (pCa = 7.5) and almost all troponin units are in the inhibiting state. Myosin binding is extremely rare at this time. The calcium concentration increases slowly at first. It starts to burst dramatically around step 85 and reaches the maximum at step 125. The transient of calcium concentration was calculated according the observed aequorin light emission from the experiments of a single frog skeletal muscle fiber. From Fig. 3, we can see how calcium concentration regulates the association and dissociation of myosin heads to and from the thin filament through the state change of troponin units. The activation is seen to occur in patches, with some parts of the thin filament more active than others. Implications of this stochastic ``patchiness'' are not clear, but it may be important to consider when discussing overall aspects of force development.



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